Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition characterized by airflow limitation in the respiratory tract. According to the World Health Organization, COPD ranks as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Europe. However, due to its gradual and relatively slow progression, only half of those affected by COPD are aware of their diagnosis. Many people mistake the symptoms of COPD for normal signs of aging or the consequences of smoking.
Timely diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for COPD patients and slow the progression of the disease.
Symptoms requiring diagnosis and treatment
- Persistent cough with sputum production
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea), worsening with physical exertion
- Wheezing during breathing
- Chest tightness
- Frequent respiratory infections
Diagnostic and treatment methods
Diagnosis
The primary method for assessing lung function in suspected COPD cases is spirometry, which measures the volume of exhaled air and the speed of exhalation to detect airway obstruction. Chest X-rays help identify structural changes in the lungs, such as emphysema or tissue consolidation. Computed tomography (CT) scans provide detailed images of lung tissue, detecting damage that may not be visible on standard X-rays.
Treatment
COPD treatment aims to improve respiratory function and reduce inflammation. Pharmacological therapy includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, which help relax airway muscles, reduce inflammation, and improve bronchial patency. In severe cases of COPD, oxygen therapy is used to maintain normal oxygen levels in the blood, prevent hypoxemia, and improve the patient’s overall condition.
Pulmonary rehabilitation can be conducted alongside treatment, incorporating physical exercise, breathing techniques, and respiratory training. These measures help strengthen respiratory muscles and improve quality of life.
Innovations in global clinics
Developed countries are implementing cutting-edge technologies for oxygen therapy, aimed at enhancing the quality of life for COPD patients. For example, lightweight portable oxygen concentrators significantly improve patient mobility, allowing them to receive necessary oxygen not only at home but also in various other settings.
Additionally, intelligent oxygen therapy systems are being actively developed and used, which automatically adjust oxygen delivery based on the patient’s physiological needs
