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Prostate adenoma

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Prostate adenoma, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a non-malignant tumor caused by the hyperplasia (overgrowth) of cells in the prostatic urethra. If left untreated and combined with risk factors, it may progress to prostate cancer.

One in four men over 40 and one in two men over 50 develop nodular changes in the prostate. The most significant risk factors for the disease include genetic predisposition and aging, as hormone levels fluctuate significantly after the age of 45.

Symptoms indicating the need for diagnosis and treatment

Early-stage BPH presents with mild urinary symptoms, including:

  • Pollakiuria (frequent urination), mainly during the day
  • Nocturia (waking up at night to urinate at least 1-2 times)
  • Weak urine stream
  • Sudden urges to urinate

As the tumor enlarges, symptoms worsen and may include:

  • Increased nighttime urination
  • Intermittent urine flow
  • Straining of abdominal muscles to initiate urination
  • Post-void dribbling

Urinary stagnation in the bladder can lead to infections such as cystitis and urethritis.

In advanced stages, urinary retention becomes critical, leading to signs of kidney failure.

Diagnosis and treatment methods

Diagnosis

The diagnostic approach for BPH is similar to that of other urological disorders. Patients typically undergo: transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, prostatic secretion analysis, uroflowmetry (assessment of urine flow rate using a specialized device) and biopsy.

Treatment

The treatment strategy in leading global clinics is based on the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS):

  • Less than 8 points → no treatment required
  • 9-17 points → conservative treatment, primarily with medication
  • More than 18 points → surgical intervention is necessary. Top urologists worldwide perform proven surgical procedures for BPH, including: adenomectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), laser ablation, enucleation and vaporization.

Innovations in global clinics

Advanced urological centers now offer the latest technique for treating BPH—MiLEP (minimally invasive laser enucleation of the prostate). This procedure uses the Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL), which significantly reduces postoperative risks, particularly the risk of urethral stricture.