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Prostate cancer

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Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that affects the cells of the prostate gland. It is most common among elderly men, with an average age of diagnosis being 67 years.

Among oncological diseases, prostate cancer is the third most common after lung and stomach cancer. Surgical treatment in the early stages significantly increases the five-year survival rate to 80%.

The degree of malignancy is determined by the cancer index (Gleason score):

  • up to 6 points: slow-growing, low-grade tumor
  • 7 points: mid-level aggressiveness
  • 8-10 points: highly aggressive cancer with a high risk of metastasis

Symptoms that require immediate diagnosis and treatment

Early-stage prostate cancer often has non-specific symptoms, resembling those of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or chronic prostatitis, including:

  • Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying after urination
  • Weak urine stream (thin and straight flow)
  • Difficulty initiating urination, requiring straining to start
  • Urinary incontinence and frequent urges to urinate

As the tumor progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Pain during sexual intercourse and urination
  • Blood in urine or semen
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Lower abdominal pain and pressure in the rectal area

Diagnosis and treatment methods

Diagnosis

To detect prostate cancer, the following tests and imaging studies are essential: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test (with dynamic monitoring), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), MRI with contrast enhancement. The gold standard for detecting atypical cells is biopsy, performed under ultrasound guidance from 6 to 12 targeted points.

Treatment

The choice of treatment strategy depends on the stage and histological type of the tumor. The preferred surgical approach is radical prostatectomy (complete removal of the prostate).

Non-surgical (conservative) treatment in leading global clinics includes:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • HIFU therapy (high-intensity focused ultrasound)
  • Cryoablation

Innovations in global clinics

Israeli researchers have conducted groundbreaking studies identifying genetic markers linked to prostate cancer. This research serves as a foundation for the development of next-generation gene-targeted therapies.