Glioblastoma

Disease description

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer that affects glial cells. It grows rapidly, infiltrates surrounding tissues, and has a high tendency to recur. Glioblastoma accounts for approximately 15% of all brain tumors in adults and is characterized by a poor prognosis due to its aggressive nature and surgical complexity.

Symptoms requiring diagnosis and treatment:

• Persistent headaches that worsen in the morning
• Seizures or epileptic episodes
• Impaired coordination and balance
• Speech or memory difficulties
• Visual and auditory disturbances
• Rapid fatigue and weakness

Diagnostic and treatment methods

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of glioblastoma begins with a neurological examination followed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides detailed visualization of the tumor. In some cases, computed tomography (CT) is used to assess the extent of involvement and impact on adjacent brain structures. A tumor biopsy is also performed for histological analysis, confirming the diagnosis and guiding the most effective treatment strategies.

Treatment

The treatment of glioblastoma requires a comprehensive approach, including surgical intervention to remove as much of the tumor as possible. This is typically followed by a course of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy to eliminate remaining cancer cells. In some cases, targeted drugs are used to act on specific molecular targets in tumor cells. Supportive therapy aimed at symptom control and improving the patient’s quality of life also plays a crucial role.

Innovations in global clinics

Innovative approaches in glioblastoma treatment include the use of genetically modified viruses and immune cells designed to destroy cancer cells without harming healthy tissue.

Additionally, research is underway on personalized immunotherapy based on the tumor’s DNA profile and the use of neuronavigation systems for more precise surgical interventions. Nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells are also being actively developed, enhancing treatment efficacy while reducing side effects.