Reproductive Medicine
Reproductive Medicine — more than just IVF. We will explain in which cases the decision to seek help from top clinics will prove to be the most appropriate.
Who needs reproductive technologies?
- In cases of infertility (a diagnosis can be made for both partners or only one of them)
- When both spouses are healthy, but conception still does not occur (psychological infertility)
- When there is a desire to postpone childbirth for some time while preserving germ cells (oocytes and sperm) or embryos in advance — postponed motherhood
- When a woman’s ovarian reserve is depleted (no oocytes left in the ovaries) or spermatogenesis is impaired in a man
- When surrogacy is required
- When there is a desire to conceive a child using donor material — in the case of a single parent
Which procedures are used in global reproductive medicine?
In leading clinics, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are used, allowing the creation of a healthy embryo outside the mother’s body.
ART includes:
- In vitro fertilization (IVF): conception “in a test tube”
- Donation of sperm and oocytes
- Surrogacy: when an embryo of a specific couple is carried by another woman
- Embryo transfer into the uterine cavity
- Genetic testing (preimplantation diagnosis of hereditary diseases)
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
- Cryopreservation/vitrification
Where to access assisted reproductive technologies?
Unique techniques used in modern ART protocols differ from country to country. Before choosing a country for treatment, it is important to know whether the procedures you need are legally permitted there.
| IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) | Surrogacy | Donation | Genetic testing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Where prohibited | In Poland, the number of embryos is limited (no more than 5), and their subsequent disposal is prohibited. Remaining embryos are sent to a donation program | France, Germany, Austria, Norway, Sweden, certain U.S. states, Italy, China | China, Germany (only egg donation is prohibited) Sweden, Norway, Italy, UK (anonymous sperm donation is prohibited) | Gender selection genetic testing (without medical indication) is prohibited in: the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, South Korea, and Japan. In Israel, the decision on gender selection in each specific case is made by the National Committee. |
| Where most developed | Turkey, Spain, Austria, South Korea | California, Switzerland, Israel, Canada, South Korea | Spain is the leader in oocyte donation. Sperm donation is well developed in: Austria, Denmark, France, and Israel. | According to the European ESHRE registry, Italy and Spain are the leaders in performing genetic testing |
Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine
The introduction of AI technologies into reproductive medicine is one of the main features of global healthcare development. Oocyte and embryo vitrification, preimplantation and genetic testing have significantly increased pregnancy rates, but embryo quality assessment had previously received only indirect attention.
With the help of AI, this issue has been resolved in global medicine: a deep neural network STORK was developed, which automates infertility treatment in terms of embryo selection and transfer. Frame-by-frame imaging is used to evaluate embryo development and choose the best one for implantation.
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Top Clinics
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Milan, Italy
San Raffaele University Hospital
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Lausanne, Switzerland
Clinique Montchoisi
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Barcelona, Spain
QuironSalud Barcelona Hospital
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Zurich, Switzerland
Hirslanden Clinic
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Seoul, South Korea
Medical Center at Ewha Womans University
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Istanbul, Turkey
Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital
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Vienna, Austria
Private clinic Rudolfinerhaus
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Dubai, UAE
American Hospital Dubai
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Munich, Germany
University Hospital of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität)
