Diabetes

Disease description

Diabetes mellitus ranks first in prevalence among all endocrine system diseases. It is a chronic condition in which all types of metabolism in the body (carbohydrate, lipid, protein, mineral, and water-salt) are disrupted.

Symptoms that require diagnosis and treatment:

• frequent urination (polyuria)
• excessive thirst (polydipsia)
• increased appetite
• weakness and fatigue
• weight fluctuations
• slow wound healing
• decreased visual acuity
• tingling and numbness in the extremities

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis

The primary method for diagnosing diabetes mellitus is measuring blood glucose levels. Along with standard glucose testing, glycated hemoglobin HbA1C is analyzed. This test reflects the average blood sugar level over a long period, providing a more objective assessment of the clinical situation.

Treatment

The essence of diabetes treatment is to control blood glucose levels and prevent complications. This is achieved through a combination of lifestyle modifications (dietary adjustments, physical activity) and medication (insulin or other glucose-lowering drugs).

Type 2 diabetes is, in most cases, associated with excess weight. Normalizing diet and lifestyle can lead to a significant reduction in blood sugar levels. However, if hormonal imbalances are present, weight loss stops even after these factors are corrected. In such cases, a specialist in preventive anti-aging medicine works with the patient to restore hormonal balance and achieve good results in treating both diabetes and obesity.

Innovations in leading global clinics

In recent years, ongoing research has focused on finding and implementing the latest effective methods for controlling the disease. For example, non-injection insulin delivery methods (insulin inhalation, insulin pumps, etc.) make the administration process easier. To monitor blood glucose levels, continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are used, allowing 24/7 tracking of blood sugar levels, thereby reducing the risk of complications.