Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery covers a wide range of conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Just a few years ago, many of these diseases forced patients to choose between risky surgery and progressive loss of quality of life. Today, advancements in neurosurgery have made even complex procedures safer and more effective.

Who needs to see a neurosurgeon

• People with chronic or severe headaches unresponsive to standard treatments
• Patients with vision, hearing, or smell disorders caused by brain tumors or lesions
• Those experiencing coordination issues, frequent dizziness, loss of balance, or limb weakness
• Individuals with seizures or convulsions of unknown cause or increasing severity
• Patients with behavioral changes, memory loss, cognitive decline, or signs of dementia
• Those diagnosed with brain or spinal tumors
• Patients with brain aneurysms or vascular abnormalities
• Individuals with head injuries, hematomas, or skull fractures
• Patients with hydrocephalus or congenital nervous system disorders

What procedures used in global neurosurgery

Leading neurosurgery centers perform the following procedures as part of diagnostics and treatment:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): this is a key diagnostic method in neurosurgery, allowing high-resolution visualization of brain and spinal cord structures. MRI is used to detect tumors, aneurysms, vascular abnormalities, and nerve tissue damage. The diagnostics also help assess the extent of the injury and determine the strategy for further treatment.
• Computed Tomography (CT): often used to evaluate the condition of cranial and spinal bone structures, as well as to identify hemorrhages, hematomas, and other injuries. CT is especially useful in emergency situations where rapid decision-making is required (e.g., in cases of traumatic brain injury).
• Angiography: this procedure is used to examine the blood vessels of the brain. With the help of contrast material and X-ray imaging, aneurysms, stenoses, vascular malformations, and other pathologies can be identified. Angiography helps determine the need for surgical intervention and allows for highly precise surgical planning.
• Electroencephalography (EEG): a method used to diagnose epilepsy and other disorders of brain activity. EEG records the brain’s electrical impulses, allowing identification of areas with increased seizure activity and abnormal rhythms.
• PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography): this method allows the assessment of metabolic activity in brain tissues, which helps in diagnosing tumors, dementia, and other diseases associated with impaired brain function.
• Stereotactic Biopsy: a minimally invasive procedure that enables the collection of brain tissue samples for accurate diagnosis. Stereotactic biopsy is used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and assists in planning further treatment.
• Intraoperative MRI and CT: these allow imaging during surgery to ensure maximum precision of the surgical intervention and minimize the risk of damage to healthy tissue.

Where to seek qualified help?

Innovations in neurosurgery

In recent years, neurosurgery has advanced significantly due to innovations that have made the treatment of central nervous system diseases more precise and safer. One of the most important breakthroughs is the use of robotic systems such as ROSA and da Vinci. These technologies provide exceptional precision in brain and spinal surgeries, allowing surgeons to perform procedures through minimal incisions. This reduces recovery time and lowers the risk of complications.

Another major innovation is neuronavigation systems, which combine MRI and CT data to create real-time 3D models of a patient’s brain. These systems help surgeons navigate more accurately during operations, significantly reducing the risk of damage to healthy tissue. This is especially crucial when removing tumors or vascular abnormalities.

Gamma Knife and CyberKnife are advanced methods of stereotactic radiosurgery that use targeted radiation beams for non-invasive treatment of brain tumors and vascular malformations. These technologies minimize trauma and ensure faster recovery, particularly for hard-to-reach or small lesions.

Recently, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been increasingly used to aid in the rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders. TMS stimulates specific areas of the brain, improving function in stroke patients and alleviating symptoms of chronic pain and depression.

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